Linux下制作iso的方法：
直接从光盘做成iso可以用下面命令：
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=~/cd.iso
cat /dev/cdrom >;~/cd.iso
cp -r /dev/cdrom cd.iso
还可以使用复杂一些的 genisoimage 命令，可以提供强大的制作ISO的功能，如将本地文件夹做成ISO等。
在Linux下使用ISO就更方便了，直接mount就可以了：
mount -t iso9660 -o loop cd.iso /path
当windows的启动引导程序或者其他程序替换了linux的grub时，可以用下面方法修复：
1、用一张linux的livecd启动系统，打开终端。
2、进入grub的命令行：$ sudo grub
3、修改启动表：hd0表示第一块硬盘，6是包含"/boot/grub/"的分区号，可以挨个试。
> root (hd0,6)
> setup (hd0)
> quit
4、重启。
问题描述：在一个目录下，有一堆文件，例如 afile.txt bpage.htm csome.jpg …. 想批量进行改名，都统一改为： name1.file name2.file name3.file …
解决办法：
$ ls | grep -n '' | sed 's/\([0-9]*\):\(.*\)/\2 name\1.file/g' | xargs -n 2 mv
用 ls | grep -n '' 可以对文件加上行号，输出结果为：
1:afile.txt
2:bpage.htm
…
然后通过 sed 进行模式匹配、替换操作，
最后通过 xargs 构造出 mv 的参数。
通过将服务器配置成VNC SERVER，可以让其他主机使用图形方式登录这台服务器。
在ubuntu下配置vnc server很简单，方法如下：
服务器端：
1、先安装VNC服务程序：
$ sudo apt-get install vnc4-common vnc4server
2、给当前用户设置vnc登录密码：
$ vncpasswd
3、修改vnc的默认设置，使启动时运行gnome作为X的桌面（如果不设置，vnc将使用twm，你可以试试，相信你会很不习惯的）：
$ vncserver :1
$ vncserver -kill :1
注意：里面的":1"代表display号，客户登录的时候得写相同的display号才能登录（见后面客户端部分）。
修改~/.vnc/xstartup文件：（红字是修改和增加的东西）
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80×24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
# twm &
gnome-session &
上面修改的意思是将默认启动的twm程序改为gnome，如果想用KDE作为桌面的，可以改为：startkde &
然后再次启动VNC SERVER：
$ vncserver :1
客户端：
1、安装VNC客户程序：
$ sudo apt-get install vnc4-common xvnc4viewer
2、然后你就通过Terminal Server Client登录了：Applications -> Internet -> Terminal Server Client；Computer为：服务器IP:display#，例如：12.34.56.78:1；protocol选择：VNC。
CDlinux 是一种小型的迷你 GNU/Linux 发行版，其名称取自英文的 “Compact Distro Linux“。CDlinux 的体形小巧，功能却挺强大。
CDlinux 包含了最新的 Linux 内核，Xorg 图形界面，XFce 窗口管理器，和许多其它流行软件，如 Firefox 浏览器，Pidgin 即时通讯程序等等。并且 CDlinux 发行版中还包含了各种重要的、常用的库文件，用户可以很方便地按自己的需要扩展 CDlinux。
CDlinux 能很好地支持国际化（i18n）和各种语言、locale，目前对简体中文（zh_CN）、传统中文（zh_TW）和英文（en_US）提供全面支持。用户也可以很方便地定制 CDlinux 以支持他们自己的语言、locale。
CDlinux 能自动检测出自己被安装在什么设备上。你可以把 CDlinux 安装到 CD、DoC、Flash、HD 或者 MD 等类型的驱动器上，这些驱动器可以连接在 ATA、SATA、SCSI、USB 或者 IEEE1394 等总线上。在绝大多数情况下，CDlinux 都能自动识别这些设备并找到自己。
CDlinux 支持多种文件系统，你可以把它安装到 ext2、ext3、jfs、reiserfs、xfs、isofs、udf 及 hfs、hfsplus、fat、ntfs 等等分区上，CDlinux 都能自动挂载它们、找到自己并正常启动。
CDlinux 是高度灵活、可定制的。你可以拿它作为一个功能强大的系统修复、维护工具；你也可以加上自己需要的软件把它扩展成一个功能全面的桌面操作系统；还可以去掉 自己不需要的功能，把 CDlinux 裁减成一个嵌入式系统。完全可以按需定制你自己的 CDlinux。
#!/bin/bash
COUNT=`svn status | grep '^?' |wc -l`
until [ $COUNT -lt "1" ]
do
CURRENT=`svn status | grep '^?' |awk {'print $2'} | head -$COUNT | tail -1`
echo "Do you want to add $CURRENT? (y/n): "
read ANS
if [ $ANS = "y" ]
then
svn add $CURRENT
echo "$CURRENT added to repository"
COUNT=`expr $COUNT – 1 `
elif [ $ANS = "n" ]
then
COUNT=`expr $COUNT – 1 `
fi
done
COUNT=`svn status | grep '^!' |wc -l`
until [ $COUNT -lt "1" ]
do
CURRENT=`svn status | grep '^!' |awk {'print $2'} | head -$COUNT | tail -1`
echo "Do you want to delete $CURRENT? (y/n): "
read ANS
if [ $ANS = "y" ]
then
svn delete $CURRENT
echo "$CURRENT added to repository"
COUNT=`expr $COUNT – 1 `
elif [ $ANS = "n" ]
then
COUNT=`expr $COUNT – 1 `
fi
done
echo "Enter a commit message: "
read MSG
svn commit -m "$MSG"
A. Overview
This guide attempts to provide a Xen based test environment where you can practice setting up a two node cluster (cluster setup itself is not discussed here – I'm merely giving you what you need to set it up).
XEN can host two type of guest systems para-virtualized and fully-virtualized:
for para-virtualized guests you require the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 installation tree available over NFS, FTP or HTTP.
for fully-virtualized guest installations you will require DVD or CD-ROM distribution media or a bootable .iso file and a network accessible installation tree
For details, please refer to the RHEL5 Virtualization Manual.
I'll be using para-virtualized guests here in my setup. There will be three systems involved here:
node00 – physical system
virtual IPs: 192.168.222.1 (public1 vlan)
192.168.100.1 (private1 vlan)
node01 – para-virtualized guest 1
virtual IPs: 192.168.222.10 (public1 vlan)
192.168.100.10 (private1 vlan)
node02 – para-virtualized guest 1
virtual IPs: 192.168.222.20 (public1 vlan)
192.168.100.20 (private1 vlan)
B. What I used
an HP Blade bl25p machine with 4G of RAM (this is actually an AMD64 blade machine). A machine with decent amount of RAM and processing speed should do.
Centos i386 5 update 1 www.centos.org DVD ISO downloaded HTTP, NFS and FTP installation sources were created from this iso. Also, the yum repository that can be used by host and guest systems will be generated from the centos iso image.
logical volumes hosting the guests and the "virtual luns" via iscsi (you can also use disk partitions – please refer to the virtualization guide for details).
1. My LVM setup
The following is my LVM configuration. The lvLUN0* entries are the ones I used for iSCSI setup and will be shared by the two virtual guest systems.
lvs
LV VG Attr LSize origin Snap% Move Log Copy%
lvLUN01 Virtual00VG -wi-ao 50.00G
lvLUN02 Virtual00VG -wi-ao 50.00G
lvNODE01 Virtual00VG -wi-ao 30.00G
lvNODE02 Virtual00VG -wi-ao 30.00G
lvNODE03 Virtual00VG -wi-ao 15.00G
lvsys00 vg00 -wi-ao 512.00M
lvsys01 vg00 -wi-ao 8.00G
lvsys02 vg00 -wi-ao 8.00G
lvsys03 vg00 -wi-ao 512.00M
lvsys04 vg00 -wi-ao 128.00M
lvsys05 vg00 -wi-ao 1.00G
lvsys06 vg00 -wi-ao 256.00M
C. Host Preparation
I'm assuming that you know how to install CentOS or other RHEL based distributions and that you are familiar with rpm installation. Since I do a lot of setup for test/dev environments at work, I already have an installation server making it easy to do a network based install via PXE. The kickstart file for node00 is provided below. You can do a local media install (you have the ISO so you can burn it to a DVD) and just refer to the kickstart file for some of the configuration. The list of packages I used is in the %packages section of node00's kickstart file. You can install them manually using yum, like:
# will list centos installation groups
yum grouplist
# will install Virtualization group
yum groupinstall Virtualization
1. ks file and installation
1.a kickstart file I use for the host (node00)
You'll have to modify the following to suit your setup.
## START node00_ks.cfg
#modify for your own settings
install
nfs –server=remote_server –dir=/path/to/CENTOS5U1/i386
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
skipx
reboot
network –device eth2 –bootproto static –ip a.b.c.1 –netmask 255.255.255.0 –gateway a.b.c.2 –nameserver x.y.z.n –hostname node00.example.com
# grub and root password is a1s2d3f4g5
rootpw –iscrypted $1$3CXK2$CG9WlX2PuPpp7nxYMQGwP0
firewall –disabled
authconfig –enableshadow
selinux –disabled
timezone Asia/Singapore
bootloader –location=mbr –driveorder=cciss/c0d0 –append="rhgb quiet" –md5pass=$1$3CXK2$CG9WlX2PuPpp7nxYMQGwP0
clearpart –all –initlabel –drives=cciss/c0d0
part /boot –fstype ext3 –size=100 –ondisk=cciss/c0d0
part pv.100000 –size=100 –grow –ondisk=cciss/c0d0 –asprimary
volgroup vg00 –pesize=32768 pv.100000
logvol /tmp –fstype ext3 –name=lvsys05 –vgname=vg00 –size=1024
logvol /opt –fstype ext3 –name=lvsys04 –vgname=vg00 –size=128
logvol /var –fstype ext3 –name=lvsys03 –vgname=vg00 –size=512
logvol /usr –fstype ext3 –name=lvsys02 –vgname=vg00 –size=8192
logvol swap –fstype swap –name=lvsys01 –vgname=vg00 –size=8192
logvol /home –fstype ext3 –name=lvsys06 –vgname=vg00 –size=256
logvol / –fstype ext3 –name=lvsys00 –vgname=vg00 –size=512
%packages
@development-libs
@editors
@system-tools
@text-internet
@x-software-development
@virtualization
@dns-server
@core
@base
@ftp-server
@network-server
@legacy-software-development
@base-x
@web-server
@printing
@server-cfg
@sql-server
@admin-tools
@development-tools
lsscsi
createrepo
audit
net-snmp-utils
iptraf
tftp
lynx
mesa-libGLU-devel
kexec-tools
bridge-utils
device-mapper-multipath
vnc-server
xorg-x11-server-Xnest
xorg-x11-server-Xvfb
imake
openmotif
-vim-enhanced
-zisofs-tools
-zsh
-bluez-hcidump
-sysreport
## END of node00_ks.cfg
2. Host configuration
Setting up an HTTP, NFS and FTP installation server:
2.a web server
#/etc/httpd/conf.d/centos5u1.conf
Alias /centos5u1 /var/ftp/pub/centos5u1
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
IndexOptions FancyIndexing
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1 ::1 all
Then start the httpd service and make sure it does during startup:
service httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
2.b NFS server
Edit /etc/exports and put the following into it:
# /etc/exports
/var/ftp/pub/centos5u1 192.168*(ro)
service nfs start
chkconfig nfs on
2.c FTP server
Since we already have the source in /var/ftp/pub/centos5u1, all that is needed is to start vsftpd:
service vsftpd start
chkconfig vsftpd on
2.d YUM repository
For this setup, I only use a local yum repository from the Centos DVD ISO I downloaded. First, I loopback mount it in /var/ftp/pub/centos5u1/i386/:
cd /var/ftp/pub/centos5u1/
mkdir temp
mount -o loop CentOS-5.1-i386-bin-DVD.iso temp
cp -pr temp i386
umount temp
createrepo -g i386
(i386/repodata/ will then be updated.)
For RHEL5, it's different:
createrepo -g repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml Server
You need to do this inside the i386 directory (after loopback mounting and copying the whole directory structure).
2.d.1 the yum repo configuration:
I renamed the default repo files in /etc/yum.repos.d/ to *-repo (instead of *.repo) to disable them. I then created this file:
#/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS5.repo
[centos5-Server]
name=CentOS5 Server
baseurl=http://node00/centos5u1/i386
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
node00 needs to be defined in /etc/hosts for the above file to work. or just replace node00 with its IP address.
2.e VNC server
You won't be needing a vnc connection if you have local console access to the physical machine. All you need to do is switch into gui mode:
telinit 5
and open a gui terminal (like gnome-terminal or kde konsole). But since I do everything remotely, I use vncserver and vncviewer to do gui based stuff.
2.e.1 run vncserver:
This will bringvup a vncserver in node00 that is accessible via "vncviewer" at node00:1 (assuming node00 is resolveable from your vncviewer host).
vncserver
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
xauth: creating new authority file /root/.Xauthority
New 'node00.example.com:1 (root)' desktop is node00.example.com:1
Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/node00.example.com:1.log
How To Create A Cluster Testbed Using CentOS 5 Virtualization And iSCSI – Page 2
How To Create A Cluster Testbed Using CentOS 5 Virtualization And iSCSI – Page 3
next
How To Create A Cluster Testbed Using CentOS 5 Virtualization And iSCSI – Page 2
Copyright ? 2008 roderick tapang
 |
 |